CalWORKs Homeless Assistance Questions and Answers

The California Department of Social Services (CDSS) has issued questions and answers about CalWORKs Homeless Assistance (HA).

HA serves eligible CalWORKs recipients or applicants who are apparently eligible for CalWORKs, who are homeless or at risk of homelessness.  HA benefits include HA, which helps pay the cost of temporary shelter, and permanent HA, which helps families secure permanent housing or prevent eviction.  Temporary HA is available for up to 16 days.  Temporary HA is issued in an initial payment for three days, follow by payments of up to seven days at a time. \

Permanent HA can used for up to two months of rental arrearages if the housing cost does not exceed 80% of their income.  Permanent HA can also be used for security deposit, last month rent, any legal payment, fee, deposit, or charge, including pet deposit, credit check fee and application fee, which are a condition of securing housing.  Permanent HA can also be used for utility deposits required for gas, electricity, and/or water.

Eligible families may receive temporary HA, permanent HA, or both, once every 12 months with exceptions.

Counties must issue or deny temporary HA within the same working day as the applicant submits the CW 42 request form.  Counties cannot require that the CW 42 be submitted by a specific time of the day.  If the CW 42 is submitted after the close of business, it is considered received the next working day.

Counties must issue or deny permanent HA within one working day of the client submitting the CW 42 form and evidence of the rental agreement.  That evidence includes a written rental agreement or a sworn statement when the rental agreement is questionable or not readily available.  When the rental agreement is questionable or not readily available, the county must try to contact the landlord (with the family’s consent) or verify the permanent housing another way.  That verification cannot delay the issuance of permanent HA.

The CW 42 must have a valid physical or electronic signature to be considered complete.

If the family uses their initial three days of temporary HA, and returns later for an additional seven days of temporary HA, the county cannot require a new CW 42.  The county cannot require a new CW 42 when the family returns for following an initial payment of domestic violence HA as long as the family meets the eligibility criteria.

The county is not required to conduct an in-person or face-to-face interview to process a CW 42. Counties can complete the CW 42 over the phone or have then sign by electronic means.  Counties can also record a verbal attestation.

Counties must issue a notice of action when they grant or deny permanent or temporary HA.

When a family has received the initial three days of temporary HA and requests additional temporary HA, the family must provide verification of the amount spent on temporary shelter, such as receipts.  When a family cannot provide verification, counties are strongly encouraged to accept a sworn statement or grant good cause.  The family must also provide documentation of their permanent housing search unless the county grants good cause.

When permanent HA is for rental arrearages, the county must verify that arrearage payment is a reasonable condition of preventing eviction.  When permanent HA is for new housing, the family must provide verification of the amount spent on permanent housing, and verification that the money was paid to the landlord, within 30 days of receiving the payment.  The county must verify that the family’s rent does not exceed 80% of their income.  The family income includes income of Assistance Unit members and any other person whose income is used to calculate the CalWORKs grant.

Child only cases are eligible for HA.  This includes child only cases with a non-needy caretaker relative.

Refugee Cash Assistance recipients are not eligible for HA.  They may be eligible for the Afghan Support and Investment Program, Housing Assistance for Ukrainians, or Refugee Housing Support Program.

Clients are not required to use all 16 days of Temporary HA for the same instance of homelessness.

If the county suspects fraud, it must still process the HA application in the required timeframe.  The county can refer the case to their Special Investigation Unit.  If the Special Investigation Unit makes a fraud finding, the county must assess an overpayment.

Initial eligibility for domestic violence HA is only for CalWORKs applicants.  However, a family can use their second 16 days of domestic violence HA after their CalWORKs application is granted.  The County must accept a sworn statement that the family is experiencing homelessness because of domestic violence.

For the disaster exception to the once per 12 month period limit on HA, the county must verify that there is a declared disaster where the family’s residence is located.  The uninhabitability exception must be verified through a third-party governmental or private health and human services agency such as a police department, fire department, or health department.  The physical or mental illness exception must be verified through a third-party governmental or private health and human services agency.

Families can receive benefits for more than one HA exception during a 12 month period.  HA for a state or federally declared disaster is limited to once per disaster.

Mismanagement of funds expsts when the recipient does not meet certain program requirements.  For HA, mismanagement exists, unless there is good cause, when (1) the county determines a temporary HA payment was not used for temporary shelter; (2) the family does not provide verification that the temporary HA payment was used for shelter; (3) After more than 30 calendar days, the family has not provided verification of the amount spent for permanent housing and/or that the payment was made to the landlord; or (4) the recipient’s homelessness is the result of a failure to pay rent, other than for a rent increase over 80% of the recipient’s income, reasonable withholding of rent, or domestic violence.  (ACIN I-57-25, November 3, 2025.)

Overview of Transforming CalWORKs changes

The California Department of Social Services has informed counties about changes to the CalWORKs program from the Transforming CalWORKs initiative encompassed in SB 119 and SB 146.

Effective immediately, the county must gather the recipients determination of their skills, prior work experience, and employability as part of the appraisal.  Participants whose Welfare-to-Work (WTW) activity is not immediately available will not longer be required to participate in job search.  Participants who do not obtain unsubsidized employment at the end of their WTW plan will no longer be required to do a reappraisal and are not limited in the WTW activity they can choose.

Effective July, 2026, or when any required automation is completed, orientation and appraisal will be combined.  Participants will be able to complete the appraisal independently.  The appraisal will be available online.  Job search and job club will not longer be required for participants following orientation and appraisal.  Participants will be able to complete their WTW plan independently.  If the participant does not complete the appraisal and WTW plan within 45 days, or if the participant asks for help, the county will set an appointment to help them.  Counties will review and update participants’ WTW plan regularly.

There will be several more allowable WTW activities, including mental health, substance abuse, CalWORKS home visiting, and domestic violence services; financial literacy classes and coaching; activities that develop and enhance workplace skills, activities to help ensure child well-being, health, education and welfare; activities that lay the foundation for employment; and activities related to legal issues or housing stability.

All transportation supportive service payment will be required to be advanced to the participant.  Participants will not be able to be sanctioned if child care was not available during a missed activity.

There will be no sanctions during the first 90 days receiving CalWORKs.  A sanctioned participant will be able to cure their sanction by stating verbally or in writing that they want to participate in WTW activities.  (ACL 25-78, October 31, 2025.)

Impact of Social Security COLA on CalWORKs and CalFresh

Effective January 1, 2026, Social Security and Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits will increase by a 2.8 percent cost of living adjustment (COLA).  For new CalWORKs and CalFresh applications, the actual amount of Social Security, including the COLA, must be used beginning for January, 2026.

For CalWORKs Assistance Units and CalFresh households in their final month of their semi-annual reporting period, counties must reasonably anticipate the increase in Social Security and SSI.

The amount of the Social Security COLA is considered to be known to the county, and must be acted upon mid-period.  This means that benefits must be adjusted to reflect the new Social Security and SSI amounts effective January 1, 2024.

If the county cannot change the CalWORKs or CalFresh amount to reflect the Social Security COLA, counties must decrease the benefit amount after it gives timely and adequate notice.  In that case, January benefits will need to be recalculated and there may be overpayment or overissuance.

These rules also apply to Refugee Cash Assistance, Entrant Cash Assistance, and Trafficking and Crime Victims Assistance Program applicants and recipients who receive Social Security or SSI.

These rules do not apply to CalFresh households with at least one member who receives SSI.  (ACIN I-56-25, November 17, 2025.)

End of pass-through of CalWORKs Work Participation Rate penalty

The California Department of Social Services has informed counties that any future CalWORKs Work Participation Rate (WPR penalties will no longer be passed-through to counties effective starting in Federal Fiscal Year 2026.

The WPR measures the portion of work-eligible CalWORKs recipients who are engaged in federally defined work activities for the minimum number of required hours per week. If the WPR is not met, states are subject to a federal penalty of reducing their Temporary Assistance to Needy Families Block Grant amount. Previously, a portion of a WPR penalty was passed-though to counties.

Effective October 1, 2025, any WPR penalties imposed on California will not be passed-through to the counties.  Any WPR penalties assessed for Federal Fiscal Year 2025 can still be passed-through to the counties. (ACL 25-74, November 4, 2025.)

Questions and Answers about CalWORKs education (STEP)

The California Department of Social Services has issued Questions and Answers about the CalWORKs Student Training and Education (STEP) Program.  STEP provides advance standard payments for necessary books and supplies for postsecondary education.

CalWORKs recipients in private not-for-profit educational institutions are eligible for STEP.  Students in adult education and adult schools administered by a community college and/or funded by the Adult Education Block Grant are eligible for STEP because they are publicly funded postsecondary institutions.  STEP-eligible educational institutions include institutions located outside of California.

Massive open online courses qualify for STEP if the student is considered enrolled at a qualifying institution as part of the course.

For students in open enrollment classes that are varied hours, the hours of participation first by determining if the school considers the student to be enrolled full-time or part-time.  If there is no way to confirm full-time or part-time enrollment, the estimated weekly participation hours are used to determine whether the student is attending full-time or part-time.  The estimated weekly participation hours are entered on the WTW plan.  If the county does not get a signed WTW plan at least 10 days prior to the start of the course, the county will issue the part-time advance standard payment unless and until it receives the signed WTW plan.

Education activities are effective when the county receives proof of enrollment in a STEP-eligible institution. New STEP participants can voluntarily participate in Welfare-to-Work until the academic term begins.

A student is considered enrolled when they provide proof of enrollment in the qualifying education institution.  STEP participants must not be required to participate in additional Welfare-to-Work activities during school breaks immediately following the most recent term of enrollment.  Part-time STEP participants who were assigned non-STEP activities to fulfill their hourly participation requirement must continue in the non-STEP activities during school breaks.

When hourly participation requirements change during an academic term, the county must engage the individual and adjust their Welfare-to-Work plan accordingly.

For students who are transferring, the school break falls between adjacent academic terms.

A sanction is considered cured when the county receives proof of enrollment in a STEP-eligible institution.

The county defers to the education institution in determining whether a summer session is considered condensed, and whether the participant is enrolled full-time or part-time.

STEP participants are entitled to the full advance standard payment even if they will reach their 60-month time on aid limit during the term because eligibility for the payment is determined at the beginning of the term.

Counties can require verification of attendance for processing transportation requests if that is consistent with the county’s written policy for transportation reimbursement.

There are no special child care rules for STEP participants.  They remain eligible for child care during school breaks.

Students can be required to complete an updated orientation and/or appraisal if they have had a one-year break in either receipt of aid or supportive services.  For intercounty transfers, the county can only require orientation and/or appraisal if more than one year has passed since receipt of aid or supportive services.

School attendance can be verified by a CalWORKs coordinator at the institution, or by county staff.  Attendance verification cannot be used to justify initiating noncompliance or sanction.  (ACL 25-76, October 20, 2025.)

 

CalFresh and CalWORKs impacts because of federal government shutdown

The California Department of Social Services has issued guidance regarding impacts on the CalFresh and CalWORKs programs because of the federal government shutdown that started on October 1.

Because of the federal government shutdown, CalFresh benefits for November, 2025 will not be issued until further notice. Households who apply for CalFresh benefits in October, 2025, and are found to be newly eligible for October, 2025 will receive their October, 2025 benefits.

Counties must continue to process new CalFresh application, including expedited service and recertifications.  For applications received beginning November 1, 2025, counties must authorize benefits, but those benefits will be held until further notice.

Federally funded replacement benefits for household misfortune for November, 2025 and beyond will be held until further notice.

State funded replacement benefits for electronic theft will be processed as normal.

CFAP benefits for November, 2025 will be delayed because, although CFAP is state funded, the accounting mechanism is interconnected with CalFresh.

Supplemental Nutrition Benefits and Transitional Nutrition Benefits will be processed as normal.

CalFresh Water Pilot issuance will be processed as normal.

Funding should be available for CalWORKs benefits to be issued for November, 2025.  (ACL 25-75, October 20, 2025.)